ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in children's eating behavior in relation to their nutritional status, gender and age. METHODS: Male and female children aged six to ten years were included. They were recruited from a private school in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, in 2012. Children´s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) subscales were used to assess eating behaviors: Food Responsiveness (FR), Enjoyment of Food (EF), Desire to Drink (DD), Emotional Overeating (EOE), Emotional Undereating (EUE), Satiety Responsiveness (SR), Food Fussiness (FF) and Slowness in Eating (SE). Age-adjusted body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated according to the WHO recommendations to assess nutritional status. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 335 children aged 87.9±10.4 months and 49.3% had normal weight (n=163), 26% were overweight (n=86), 15% were obese (n=50) and 9.7% were severely obese (n=32). Children with excess weight showed higher scores at the CEBQ subscales associated with "food approach" (FR, EF, DD, EOE, p<0.001) and lower scores on two "food avoidance" subscales (SR and SE, p<0.001 and p=0.003, respectively) compared to normal weight children. Differences in the eating behavior related to gender and age were not found. CONCLUSIONS: "Food approach" subscales were positively associated to excess weight in children, but no associations with gender and age were found. .
OBJETIVO: Avaliar diferenças no comportamento alimentar infantil em função do estado nutricional, do sexo e da idade. MÉTODOS: O estudo incluiu crianças na faixa de seis a dez anos, de ambos os sexos, de uma escola privada em Pelotas (RS), em 2012. Para avaliar o comportamento alimentar usaram-se as subescalas do questionário Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ): resposta à comida (FR), prazer de comer (EF), desejo de beber (DD), sobreingestão emocional (EOE), subingestão emocional (EUE), resposta à saciedade (SR), seletividade (FF) e ingestão lenta (SE). Avaliou-se o estado nutricional por meio do escore-z do IMC/idade. RESULTADOS: Participaram 335 crianças de 87,9±10,4 meses. Apresentaram eutrofia 49,3% (n=163), sobrepeso 26% (n=86), obesidade 15% (n=50) e obesidade grave 9,7% (n=32). Crianças com excesso de peso tiveram maior pontuação nas subescalas de "interesse pela comida" (FR, EF, DD, EOE, p<0,001) e menor pontuação nas subescalas de "desinteresse pela comida" (SR e SE, p<0,001 e p=0,003, respectivamente), se comparadas com as crianças com peso adequado. Não foram observadas diferenças no comportamento alimentar segundo sexo e idade. CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se que comportamentos alimentares que refletem "interesse pela comida" estão associados positivamente ao excesso de peso, mas não foi encontrada associação com o sexo e a idade da criança. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Mice , Aniline Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Drug Discovery , Microtubules/drug effects , Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Water/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , HeLa Cells , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism , Solubility , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between behavioral risk factors, specifically postural habits, with the presence of structural changes in the spinal column of children and adolescents. METHODS: 59 students were evaluated through the self-reporting Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument and spinal panoramic radiographic examination. Spine curvatures were classified based on Cobb angles, as normal or altered in the saggital plane and as normal or scoliotic in the frontal plane. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, based on descriptive statistics and chi-square association test (a=0,05). RESULTS: The prevalence of postural changes was 79.7% (n=47), of which 47.5% (n=28) showed frontal plane changes and 61% (n=36) sagital plane changes. Significant association was found between the presence of thoracic kyphosis and female gender, practice of physical exercises only once or twice a week, sleep time greater than 10 hours, inadequate postures when sitting on a seat and sitting down to write, and how school supplies are carried. Lumbar lordosis was associated with the inadequate way of carrying the school backpack (asymmetric); and scoliosis was associated wuth the practice of competitive sports and sleep time greater than 10 hours. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle may be associated with postural changes. It is important to develop health policies in order to reduce the prevalence of postural changes, by decreasing the associated risk factors. .
OBJETIVO: Verificar se existe associação de fatores de risco comportamentais, especificamente hábitos posturais, com a presença de alteração postural estrutural na coluna vertebral de crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 59 crianças e adolescentes, que responderam ao questionário auto-aplicável Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument e fizeram o exame radiográfico panorâmico da coluna vertebral. De acordo com o ângulo de Cobb, as curvaturas sagitais da coluna vertebral foram classificadas como normais ou alteradas e, no plano frontal, como escolioses ou normais. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS 18.0, a partir de estatística descritiva e do teste de associação qui-quadrado (a=0,05). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de alterações posturais foi de 79,7% (n=47), 47,5% (n=28) apresentavam alteração no plano frontal e 61% (n=36) no sagital. Foi encontrada associação entre cifose torácica e sexo feminino, prática de exercício físico apenas uma ou duas vezes na semana, tempo de sono superior a 10 horas, posturas inadequadas para sentar no banco e sentar para escrever e o meio de transporte do material escolar. Para lordose lombar, observou-se associação com o transporte da mochila escolar de modo inadequado (assimétrico). Houve associação significativa entre a presença de escoliose com a prática de esporte competitivo e o tempo de sono superior a 10 horas. CONCLUSÕES: Hábitos de vida podem estar associados a alterações posturais, é importante o desenvolvimento políticas de saúde a fim de reduzir a prevalência de alterações posturais por meio da redução dos fatores de risco associados. .
Subject(s)
Humans , Aniline Compounds/pharmacology , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Quinolones/pharmacology , Aniline Compounds/chemistry , Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Quinolones/chemistry , Quinolones/chemical synthesis , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To retrieve the origin of the term neuropsychomotor developmental delay" (NPMD), its conceptual evolution over time, and to build a conceptual map based on literature review. DATA SOURCE: A literature search was performed in the SciELO Brazil, Web of Science, Science Direct, OneFile (GALE), Pubmed (Medline), Whiley Online, and Springer databases, from January of 1940 to January of 2013, using the following keywords: NPMD delay, NPMD retardation, developmental delay, and global developmental delay. A total of 71 articles were selected, which were used to build the conceptual map of the term. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 71 references, 55 were international and 16 national. The terms developmental delay and global developmental delay were the most frequently used in the international literature and, in Brazil, delayed NPMD was the most often used. The term developmental delay emerged in the mid 1940s, gaining momentum in the 1990s. In Brazil, the term delayed NPMD started to be used in the 1980s, and has been frequently cited and published in the literature. Delayed development was a characteristic of 13 morbidities described in 23 references. Regarding the type of use, 19 references were found, with seven forms of use. Among the references, 34 had definitions of the term, and 16 different concepts were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Developmental delay is addressed in the international and national literature under different names, various applications, and heterogeneous concepts. Internationally, ways to improve communication between professionals have been indicated, with standardized definition of the term and use in very specific situations up to the fifth year of life, which was not found in Brazilian publications. .
OBJETIVO: Resgatar a origem do termo atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM), sua evolução conceitual ao longo do tempo e construir mapa conceitual do termo com base em busca bibliográfica. FONTES DE DADOS: Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas do Portal da Capes, que incluem Scielo Brazil, Web of Science, Science Direct, OneFile (GALE), Pubmed (Medline), Whiley Online e Springer, referente a Janeiro/1940-Janeiro/2013. Palavras-chave: atraso e retardo do DNPM, developmental delay e global developmental delay. Foram selecionados 71 artigos e construído o mapa conceitual do termo. SÍNTESE DE DADOS: Das 71 referências, 55 eram internacionais e 16 nacionais. Os termos mais encontrados foram global developmental delay e developmental delay na literatura internacional e retardo e atraso do DNPM no Brasil. Internacionalmente, o termo surgiu em meados da década de 40 ganhando força nos anos 90. No Brasil, o termo começou a ser usado na década de 80 e vem sendo frequentemente citado na literatura. O atraso é citado em 23 trabalhos como característica presente em 13 tipos de condições clínicas. Com relação ao uso, foram encontrados 19 estudos, com sete situações de uso. Dentre os artigos revisados, 34 deles apresentaram definições, sendo identificados 16 conceitos diferentes. CONCLUSÕES: O atraso do desenvolvimento é abordado na literatura internacional e nacional sob diversos nomes, diferentes aplicações e conceitos heterogêneos. Internacionalmente, apontam-se caminhos para melhorar a comunicação entre profissionais, com definição padronizada do termo e uso em situações específicas até o quinto ano de vida, o que não foi encontrado nas publicações nacionais. .